Lasers and Photodynamic Therapy

Question: Talk about the Lasers and Photodynamic Therapy. Answer: Presentation: The paper talks about three nail conditions and clarifies the causes and the executives. The exposition talks about onycholysis, splinter hemorrhages and paronychia. Nail organism is an interminable disease additionally called as onychomycosis. This disease is brought about by dermatopytes (molds, ringworms, and yeasts) influencing finger and toe nails progressively destructing the nail plate. The indications of nail organism include orange/earthy colored and white/weaknesses or fixes on the nails. Now and again it brings about emanation of foul smell causing onycholysis that is falling of nail from the nail bed (Becker and Bershow 2013). The reasons for onycholysis are injury, skin ailments, hereditary elements, and other foundational sicknesses. Pseudomonas aeruginosais known to develop under the nails during onycholysis. This condition is treated with topical and oral treatment. Oral parasitic treatment is viable technique as it infiltrates the nail plate and the nail bed. Oral prescriptions that give total fix of nail disease terbinafine, fluconazole, itraconazolewhich energizers the development of new noninfected nail. Topical cream, for exa mple, Efinaconazole (Jublia) and tavaborole (Kerydin) are affirmed by US FDA and are exceptionally compelling in relieving onychomycosis. General practices for forestalling of nail growth are keeping nail dry, short and clean, utilization of breathable socks and other stylish support (Iorizzo 2015). Splinter hemorrhages are another sort nail issue. These contaminations happen corresponding to the long pivot to or finger nails. It is regularly brought about by infective endocarditis, hematological danger, extreme iron deficiency, injury and vasculitis, for example, fundamental lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis, and rheumatoid joint pain. They show up as slim earthy colored, red or ruddy earthy colored lines under the nails toward the development of the nails and look like splinter. There is no particular consideration for this nail condition. At times, it is shown as variation from the norm, for example, when splinter hemorrhages are brought about by onycholysis and it likewise happens in patients with nail psoriasis. In the event that splinters happen in numerous nails it is considered as foundational issue. Notwithstanding, they are not difficult because of which a great many people keep away from while tasteful treatment is required for certain individuals. At the point when splinters happen all the more much of the time and in enormous numbers it is a demonstrative of connective tissue issue. The splinter hemorrhages can forever vanish when the nail diseases settle. The parasitic contamination must be treated with fundamental or topical antifungal treatment. Antifungal balms containing cortisone are normally directed. Patients are upheld o eat food that are normal blood more slender (Haber et al. 2016). Paronychia is the nail issue portrayed by irritation of the tissue encompassing the nail (Shafritz and Coppage 2014). It incorporates discharge collection between the nail network and the fingernail skin bringing about redness, agony, expanding and delicacy in the zone. Intense paronychia results from bacterial contamination the basic operator being Staphylococcus aureus. It tends to be dealt with non-precisely. The interminable paronychia results from psoriasis or skin inflammation which is usually brought about by candidal disease and bacterial specialists, for example, Pseudomonasspp. In the ceaseless condition erythema and oedemaare appeared on the proximal and parallel nail folds. The normal treatment incorporates organization of oral antifungal or topical steroids. Ordinary follow up is required to forestall profound situated diseases. Careful strategy includes Swiss move method where the non-disciple dressing the nail crease is raised and reflected proximally. For diabetic pat ients forceful treatment approaches utilized. General administration incorporate utilizing warm douses and topical antifungal operators, for example, miconazole, ketoconazole or fluconazole are regulated (Relhan et al. 2014). References Becker, C. what's more, Bershow, A., 2013. Lasers and photodynamic treatment in the treatment of onychomycosis: an audit of the literature.Dermatology online journal,19(9). Haber, R., Khoury, R., Kechichian, E. what's more, Tomb, R., 2016. Splinter hemorrhages of the nails: a precise survey of clinical highlights and related conditions.International Journal of Dermatology,55(12), pp.1304-1310. Iorizzo, M., 2015. Tips to treat the 5 most basic nail issue: weak nails, onycholysis, paronychia, psoriasis, onychomycosis.Dermatologic clinics,33(2), pp.175-183. Relhan, V., Goel, K., Bansal, S. furthermore, Garg, V.K., 2014. The executives of ceaseless paronychia.Indian diary of dermatology,59(1), p.15. Shafritz, A.B. furthermore, Coppage, J.M., 2014. Intense and ceaseless paronychia of the hand.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons,22(3), pp.165-174.

September 11th - Article Summary 2002 essays

September eleventh - Article Summary 2002 expositions Kitchener-Waterloo Record: Opinion, Wednesday, September eleventh 2002 page A10 A Firefighters Reflection: I will never be the equivalent This article is about a New York fireman that was associated with the September 11 fear based oppressor assaults on the World Trade Centers. Kevin Flaherty has been on the Fire Department of New York for a long time. He keeps in touch with us since he is appreciative for the assistance he got from the Canadian Firefighters. He is pleased to wear an American-Canadian banner pin. Kevin was working the day of September eleventh; he was with Engine 238 that was called to Tower 2. He heard boisterous hazardous clamors while moving toward the structure, looking into he understood that individuals were tumbling from the 80th floor. The touchy commotions were individuals hitting the ground-it was steady, they continued bouncing. He was spooky by the way that individuals werent ablaze were alive until they had hit the ground. Once Kevin entered the structure he got news that one of his companions was hit by a jumper and executed. A gathering of firemen were requested to go up 2 stories before the fire in Tower 2; they were to take their air chambers. In the event that they got worn out, they were to remove their gear and keep heading up. As he arrived at near the floors that were consuming, he heard an uproarious thundering commotion. The lights glimmered and they felt wind on their backs. Kevin was lifted off his feet and tossed over a lot of entryways over the hall and into the divider. It felt like a nuclear impact. Kevin says. He couldnt see or hear. At that point in the obscurity he heard Engine 238, Engine 238. The lieutenant was refocusing them. They found an exit plan and saw that the pinnacle was starting to crumple, he started to run however he knew he couldnt get away from the flotsam and jetsam. He fortunately endure the trash without a scratch, however the lieutenant was not seen anyplace. It was the most troublesome thing Kevin has ever done. The lieutenan... <!

How I Became a DJ

How I Became a DJ “If not now, then when?” That is my motto for the rest of college. In between my classes and group projects, I’ve been taking time to think about all of the things I want to try before I leave this place. Then, I go do them. Over winter break, I came across an application to become a DJ for Pizza FM, a free-form, noncommercial college radio station broadcasted from Allen Hall, one of the residence halls on campus. I’ve always loved sharing my music recommendations with friends, and the idea of having my very own show sounded really exciting. I decided to submit a sample playlist and give it a go. Within a week, I had all of the tools and training I needed to host my very first show. It was scheduled during the Super Bowl, so I doubt I had many active listeners that day. Nonetheless, I loved talking about my favorite tunes and playing them for complete strangers. Pizza FM is yet another example of how Illinois has given me the opportunity to pursue my interests in the least expected ways. I’d encourage all of you to give more thought to what truly gets you excited every day. Those passions are represented in a such a wide variety of ways across campusâ€"even if it’s something as simple as listening to music. Also, check out my show called With a Side of Sauce if you feel like it! Let me know if my actual voice matches my blog post voice. You can listen live on the Pizza FM website on Sundays at 5:00 p.m. CST. Ria Class of 2018 I'm studying both Finance and Information Systems and Information Technology in the Gies College of Business. I’m from Los Altos, California.

Gene vs. Allele What’s the Difference

A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a trait. A trait is a characteristic, or a feature, passed from one generation to another, like height or eye color. Genes  come in multiple forms, or versions. Each of these forms is called an allele. For example, the gene responsible for the hair color trait has many alleles: an allele for brown hair, an allele for blonde hair, an allele for red hair, and so on. Gene Allele Definition A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a specific form of a gene. Function Genes are responsible for the expression of traits. Alleles are responsible for the variations in which a given trait can be expressed. Pairing Genes do not occur in pairs. Alleles occur in pairs. Examples Eye color, hair color, hairline shape Blue eyes, blonde hair, V-shaped hairline Function Genes govern the traits of an organism. They do so by acting as instructions to make proteins. Proteins are the diverse molecules that play many critical roles in our bodies, such as producing hormones and creating antibodies.   Humans have two copies (or alleles) of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Alleles play a significant role in shaping each human’s individual features. Alleles are versions of the same gene with slight variations in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences among alleles of the same gene contribute to each person’s unique characteristics. Heredity Heredity is how traits are passed to offspring. Genes determine your traits, like how tall you are, what color your eyes are, and what color your hair is. But a single trait is usually determined by a number of genes, rather than just one. For example, height alone is determined by over 400 genes. Humans and other multicellular organisms have two alleles at the same site of a chromosome. Chromosomes are very long strands of DNA wrapped around special proteins called histones. Humans have 46 chromosomes; each parent passes on 23 of those chromosomes. Accordingly, the expression of any given trait would depend on two sources of information. These two sources are a paternal allele and a maternal allele.  Ã‚   Genotypes and Phenotypes A genotype is all the genes passed onto an individual by their parents. But not all of the genes you carry end up being translated into visible traits. The set of physical characteristics an individual has is called a phenotype. An individual’s phenotype is made up exclusively of expressed genes. For example, take an individual who has one allele for blonde hair and one allele for brown hair. Based on this information, we know that their genotype includes blonde hair and brown hair. If we observe that the individual has blonde hair – in other words, blonde hair is the expressed trait – then we know that their phenotype includes includes blonde hair, but not  brown hair. Dominant and Recessive Traits Genotypes can be either homozygous  or heterozygous. When the two inherited alleles for a given gene are identical, this specific gene is called homozygous. Alternatively, when the two genes are different, the gene is said to be heterozygous. Dominant traits require the presence of only one allele in order for the given trait be expressed. Recessive traits can only be  expressed if the genotype is homozygous. For example, a V-shaped hairline is a dominant trait, while a straight hairline is recessive.  In order to have a straight hairline, both  hairline alleles need to be straight hairlines. However, in order to have a V-shaped hairline, only one of the two hairline alleles need be V-shaped.

Pictures and Profiles of the First Dinosaurs

Interest and 90-day Bank Loan Free Essays

Accounts receivable changes with bad debts A firm is evaluating an accounts receivable change that would increase bad debts from 2% to 4% of sales. Sales are currently 50,000 units, the selling price is $20 per unit, and the variable cost per unit is $15. As a result of the proposed change, sales are forecast to increase to 60,000 units. We will write a custom essay sample on Interest and 90-day Bank Loan or any similar topic only for you Order Now a. What are bad debts in dollars currently and under the proposed change? b. Calculate the cost of the marginal bad debts to the firm. c. Ignoring the additional profit contribution from increased sales, if the proposed change saves $3,500 and causes no change in the average investment in accounts receivable, would you recommend it? Explain. d. Considering all changes in costs and benefits, would you recommend the proposed change? Explain. e. Compare and discuss your answers in parts c and d. P14-16 Zero-balance account Union Company is considering establishment of a zero balance account. The firm currently maintains an average balance of $420,000 in its disbursement account. As compensation to the bank for maintaining the zero balance account, the firm will have to pay a monthly fee of $1,000 and maintain a $300,000 non–interest-earning deposit in the bank. The firm currently has no other deposits in the bank. Evaluate the proposed zero-balance account, and make a recommendation to the firm, assuming that it has a 12% opportunity cost. P15–9 Cost of bank loan Data Back-Up Systems has obtained a $10,000, 90-day bank loan at an annual interest rate of 15%, payable at maturity. (Note: Assume a 365-day year.) a. How much interest (in dollars) will the firm pay on the 90-day loan? b. Find the effective 90-day rate on the loan. c. Annualize your result in part b to find the effective annual rate for this loan, assuming that it is rolled over every 90 days throughout the year under the same terms and circumstances. How to cite Interest and 90-day Bank Loan, Papers

Hamlet Appearence Vs Reality Essay Example For Students

Hamlet Appearence Vs Reality Essay Hamlet Appearence vs Reality Appearence vs RealityPossibly the best piece of writing ever done by William Shakespeare, Hamlet, is a classic example of a tragedy.In all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, Brutus falls on his sword, and like them Hamlet dies by getting cut with a poison tipped sword. The theme that remains constant throughout the play is appearance versus reality. Things within the play appear to be true and honest but in reality are polluted with evil. Many of the characters within the play hide behind a mask of dishonesty. Four of the main characters that hid behind this mask are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the king Claudius. From behind this mask they give the impression of a person who is sincere and true, in reality they are overwhelmed with lies and evil. Hamlet is spied on many times in the play. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two of Hamlets childhood friends who when asked by the king, try to find out what is troubling the young prince. Both help to add to the theme by showing their appearance of being Hamlets friends. The pair goes to Hamlet pretending to be his friends when in truth they are only there because the king asked them to find the truth. Hamlet quickly reveals the truth and says, Were you not sent for/ And there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft in color. (Shakespeare 2:2:278)From these words he is demanding an answer from his schoolmates as to their unexplained arrival. At the end he tells them nothing. As the play continues his friends are asked again by the king to go to Hamlet and try again to find the real reason for Hamlets behavior. Hamlet insults them at every chance knowing that they are lying to him about their purpose of the visit, Tis as easy as lying: govern these ventages with you finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth (Shakespeare 3:2:348)The twins show their appearance of being Hamlets friends but in truth they have a hidden reason for visiting with Hamlet. Both show that it will be very difficult for Hamlet to uncover the reliability hidden within the lies. Polonius the kings royal associate plays an important role in developing appearance.He always wants to keep up the look of loving and caring person.Polonius appears like a man who loves and cares about his son, Laertes. He speaks to him with advice that sounds sincere but in reality it is not.It is hollow and without feeling. Polonius gives his advice only to appear to be the loving and caring father.The reality is he only speaks to appear sincere as a politician, to look good rather then actually be good, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry (Shakespeare 1:3:77) Also Polonius adds to the theme appearance verses reality by ordering Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet. He lies to her by telling her that Hamlet does not love her, he only wants to have fun with her.However in truth Hamlet does love Ophelia. Through the play Polonius pretends to be honest and loving parent.In reality he lies, manipulates people and spies on peoples conversation. Claudius is the current King of Denmark. Du ring this play he makes a lot of impressions that differ from the truth. Claudius becomes King of Denmark after killing his brother and marrying his brothers widow, Gertrude. For example, he wants to show council that he is an honest and honorable man. He speaks well of the King Hamlet by showing a general love for him and all his subjects. In reality he cares little for the old king, he just gives appearance of loving brother.It is getting harder and harder to uncover the truth about Claudius.Next thing Claudius does is announcing that Hamlet is next to get a crown. This shows that Claudius would let Hamlet become the next king when he is gone. It reveals a love and care for Hamlet to the council and Gertrude. Also it makes Claudius appear to be kind and loving person, You are the most immediate to our throne; And with no less nobility of love. (Shakespeare 1:2:109) Last appearance that makes difficult to uncover the truth is Claudius careness.He wants Hamlet to remain in Denmark. Hamlet mocks king, but he still asks to stay.Claudius wants to show that he deserves to be a king. .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .postImageUrl , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:hover , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:visited , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:active { border:0!important; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:active , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Expectations fulfilled (cheating) EssayThroughout the play, characters help to show the theme, which is appearance verses reality. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the king all appear to be good and honest. As Hamlet finds out, all contain lies and have hidden intentions within them. As each character is presented in the play all appear to be good and honest making it a hard for Hamlet to uncover the hidden truth about the nature of each character.

History Of Weed Essays - Cannabis, Entheogens, Medicinal Plants

History Of Weed Marijuana in the New World Marijuana in the New World The first definite record of the marijuana plant in the New World dates from 1545 AD, when the Spaniards introduced it into Chile. It has been suggested, however, that African slaves familiar with marijuana as an intoxicant and medicine brought the seeds with them to Brazil even earlier in the sixteenth century. There is no record that the Pilgrims brought marijuana with them to Plymouth but the Jamestown settlers did bring the plant to Virginia in 1611, and cultivated it for its fiber. Marijuana was introduced into New England in 1629. From then until after the Civil War, the marijuana plant was a major crop in North America, and played an important role in both colonial and national economic policy. In 1762, Virginia awarded bounties for hemp culture and manufacture, and imposed penalties upon those who did not produce it. George Washington was growing hemp at Mount Vernon three years later-presumably for its fiber, though it has been argued that Washingt on was also concerned to increase the medicinal or intoxicating potency of his marijuana plants.* *The argument depends on a curious tradition, which may or may not be sound, that the quality or quantity of marijuana resin (hashish) is enhanced if the male and female plants are separated before the females are pollinated. There can be no doubt that Washington separated the males from the females. Two entries in his diary supply the evidence: May 12-13, 1765: Sowed Hemp at Muddy hole by Swamp. August 7, 1765: `-began to separate [sic] the Male from the Female Hemp at Do- rather too late. George Andrews has argued, in The Book of Grass: An Anthology of Indian Hemp (1967), that Washington's August 7 diary entry clearly indicates that he was cultivating the plant for medicinal purposes as well as for it's fiber. -, He might have separated the males from the females to get better fiber, Andrews concedes-but his phrase rather too late suggests that he wanted to complete the separation bef ore the female plants were fertilized-and this was a practice related to drug potency rather than to fiber culture. British mercantile policy hampered American hemp culture for a time during and after the colonial period by offering heavy bounties on hemp exported from Ireland; but the American plantings continued despite this subsidized competition. At various times in the nineteenth century large hemp plantations flourished in Mississippi, Georgia, California, South Carolina, Nebraska, and other states, as well as on Staten Island, New York. The center of nineteenth-century production, however, was in Kentucky, where hemp was introduced in 1775. One Kentuckian, James L. Allen, wrote in 1900: The Anglo-Saxon farmers had scarce conquered foothold in the Western wilderness before they became sowers of hemp. The roads of Kentucky . . . were early made necessary by the hauling of hemp. For the sake of it slaves were perpetually being trained, hired, bartered; lands perpetually rented a nd sold; fortunes made and lost.... With the Civil War began the decline, lasting still. The invention of the cotton gin and of other cotton and wool machinery, and competition from cheap imported hemp, were major factors in this decline in United States hemp cultivation. The decline in commercial production did not, however, mean that marijuana became scarce. As late as 1937, the American commercial crop was still estimated at 10,000 acres, much of it in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Kentucky. Four million pounds of marijuana seed a year were being used in bird feed. During World War II commercial cultivation was greatly expanded, at the behest of the United States Department of Agriculture, to meet the shortage of imported hemp for rope. Even decades after commercial cultivation has been discontinued, hemp can often be found growing luxuriantly as a weed in abandoned fields and along roadsides. Indeed, the plant readily spreads to additional territory. The area of Nebraska land infeste d with weed marijuana was estimated in 1969 at 156,000 acres. * * One acre of good land yields about one thousand pounds of marijuana, enough for almost one million marijuana cigarettes. The medicinal use of marijuana in the United States. It has often been alleged that American

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating A good philosophical question can arise from anywhere. Did you ever think, for example, that sitting down to dinner or strolling through the supermarket might serve as a good introduction to philosophical thinking? That is the foremost philosopher of food’s credo. What’s Philosophical About Food? Philosophy of food finds its basis on the idea that food is a mirror. You may have heard the saying ‘we are what we eat.’ Well, there is more to say regarding this relation. Eating mirrors the making of a self, that is, the array of decisions and circumstances that bring us to eat the way we do. In them, we can see reflected a detailed and comprehensive image of ourselves. Philosophy of food reflects on the ethical, political, social, artistic, identity-defining aspects of food. It spurs from the challenge to more actively pondering our diets and eating habits so as to understand who we are in a deeper, more authentic way. Food as a Relation Food is a relation. Something is food only with respect to some organism, in a set of circumstances. These, first of all, are bound to vary from moment to moment. For instance, coffee and pastry are a fine breakfast or afternoon snack; yet, to most of us they are unpalatable for dinner. Secondly, circumstances are bound to involve principles that are, at least in appearance, contradictory. Say, you refrain from eating soda at home, but at the bowling alley, you enjoy one. At the supermarket, you buy only non-organic meat, but on vacation, you crave for a McBurger with fries. As such, any given ‘food relation is first and foremost the mirror of an eater: depending on the circumstances, it represents the eater’s needs, habits, convictions, deliberations, and compromises. Food Ethics Probably the most obvious philosophical aspects of our diet are the ethical convictions that shape it. Would you eat a cat? A rabbit? Why or why not? It’s likely that the reasons you give for your stance are rooted in ethical principles, such as: â€Å"I love too much cats to eat them!† or even â€Å"How could you do such a thing!† Or, consider vegetarianism: a large number of those who conform to this diet do so to prevent unjustified violence being done to animals other than human. In Animal Liberation, Peter Singer labeled â€Å"speciesism† the attitude of those who draw unjustified distinctions between Homo sapiens and other animal species (like racism sets an unjustified distinction between one race and all others). Clearly, some of those rules are mingled with religious principles: justice and heaven can come together on the table at, as they do on other occasions. Food as Art? Can food be art? Can a cook ever aspire to be an artist on a par with Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Van Gogh? This question has spurred heated debates over the past years. Some argued that food is (at best) a minor art. For three main reasons. First, because foods are short-lived in comparison to, e.g., chunks of marble. Second, food is intrinsically linked to a practical purpose – nourishment. Third, food depends on its material constitution in a way in which music, painting, or even sculpture are not. A song such as â€Å"Yesterday† has been released on vinyl, cassette, CD, and as a mp3; food cannot be alike transferred. The best cooks would hence be very good artisans; they can be paired with fancy hairdressers or skilled gardeners. On the other hand, some think that this perspective is unfair. Cooks have recently started featuring in art shows and this seems to concretely disprove the previous remarks. Probably the most famous case in point is Ferran Adri, the Catalan chef who revolutionized the world of cooking over the past three decades. Food Experts Americans keep in high esteem the role of food experts; French and Italians notoriously do not. Probably, it’s because of different ways to regard the practice of evaluation of a food. Is that French onion soup authentic? The review says the wine is elegant: is that the case? Food or wine tasting is arguably an entertaining activity, and it’s a conversation starter. Yet, is there a truth when it comes to judgments about food? This is one of the hardest philosophical questions. In his famous essay â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste†, David Hume shows how one can be inclined to answer both â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No† to that question. On the one hand, my tasting experience is not yours, so it is totally subjective; on the other, provided an adequate level of expertise, there is nothing odd with imagining to challenge a reviewer’s opinion about a wine or a restaurant. Food Science Most foods we buy at the supermarket carry on their labels â€Å"nutritional facts†. We use them in order to guide ourselves in our diet, to stay healthy. But, what do those numbers have to do really with the stuff we have in front of us and with our stomachs? What â€Å"facts† do they help us establishing really? Can nutritionism be regarded as a natural science on a par with – say – cell biology? For historians and philosophers of science, food is a fertile terrain of research because it raises basic questions regarding the validity of laws of nature (do we really know any law regarding metabolism?) and the structure of scientific research (who finances the studies on the nutritional facts you find on the labels?) Food Politics Food is also at the center of a number of funding questions for political philosophy. Here are some. One. The challenges that food consumption poses to the environment. For example, did you know that factory farming is responsible for a higher rate of pollution than airfare travel? Two. Food trades raise issues of fairness and equity in the global market. Exotic goods such as coffee, tea, and chocolate are chief examples: through the history of their commerce, we can reconstruct the complex relationships between continents, States, and people over the past three-four centuries. Three. Food production, distribution, and retail is an opportunity to talk about the condition of workers across the earth. Food and Self-Understanding In the end, as the average person enters at least a few ‘food relations’ per day, a refusal to ponder eating habits in a meaningful manner can be likened to a lack of self-understanding or lack authenticity. Since self-understanding and authenticity are among the chief aims of philosophical inquiry, then food becomes a true key to philosophical insight. The gist of the philosophy of food is hence the quest for an authentic diet, a quest that can be readily furthered by analyzing other aspects of ‘food relations’.

Health Sciences, Medicine and Infection Control Essay

Health Sciences, Medicine and Infection Control - Essay Example Some of the diseases are highly contagious and can be spread by means of airborne transmission through very small droplets of infectious agents found in the air, food, or water. Infections that are contacted in hospitals or other healthcare facilities are known as nosocomial infections, and they lead to approximately 5 % of the patients in the hospitals (Mehrotra and Sumbali, 2009). These nosocomial infections are very common in some hospitals which do not have a strong immune system. This makes most of the patients in these facilities to be very susceptible to more infections. As a result, patients who visit hospitals end up spending more time in bed and may in some cases end up dying due to the infections they acquire while in the hospitals. The other reason why infectious diseases spread very fast in hospitals is the fact that some of the medical procedures performed to patients may predispose them to these infections (Barry et al, 2006). Some of the equipment used in these medical procedures as well as some of the drugs used may introduce infectious agents into the body of the patient. The infectious diseases can also be transmitted from one patient to another by the hospital workers and doctors or any other hospital visitors (Barry et al, 2006). By handling one patient who may be infected, the hospital workers can act as agents and transmit the same diseases to other patients in the hospital when they do not take necessary precautions. Therefore, there is the need to put in place infection control policies so as to help prevent the spread of nosocomial diseases (Hogg, 2013). This will also go a long way in making hospitals a better and safer place for patients as well as visitors. There is the need to have in place proper guidelines for infection control procedures in hospitals. Apart from hospitals infection control should also be practiced in clinics, nursing homes, restaurants and child care centers, as  well as in people’s homes.

Women on US Navy Submarines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women on US Navy Submarines - Essay Example As people evolve and change, these roles can also adapt and change with the culture of the people. There are basic physical difference between men and women, but socially and mentally, these differences should not effect how we one sex acts or is thought to act one way or another. However, with this being said, the recent battle over women working on submarines has stirred quite a controversy again over the age old fight between man and woman. Who should decide where the line between equality and too much is drawn And if a woman cannot do the job as well as a man, should she still be allowed to do it simply for the face of equality "The US Navy argues it would cost $300,000 per bunk to permit women to serve on submarines", but yet even simply economics can't stop people from arguing for women onboard subs (Submarine) Defense experts have also quoted the numbers as much as "4 Million Each" to make the repairs needed for the subs( Dougherty). The fact is simple and clear however when it comes to women working on submarines. Due to the myriad of problems that arise with women onboard a submarine, it is simply not fair to the safety of our nation to admit women aboard submarines, even if it is in the name of "equality". "Women on subs is a terrible idea. The Navy's highest-ranking admirals are strongly opposed" speaks Phyllis Schlarfly ( Schlafly ). Schlarfly goes on to explain the tight living quarters in the subs, and how life is no walk in the park down there, and room is already cramped. He explains that "The ship alterations necessary to accommodate women on subs would further reduce living standards or, alternatively, make it necessary to remove operational equipment. These millions of dollars would be spent just to please the civilian feminists in the Pentagon, not to improve readiness or morale" (Schlafly). Simply stated, the simply physical limitations of the subs could not withstand the addition of women on board, let alone would it be able to make enough room for them and the ample technology that is needed on board as well. We could have women on our subs, but at the expense of having less well armed submarines and sub-par technology on board. And I don't think that it is a risk we shou ld be willing to take. Another columnist Michael DiMercurio added his expertise to the matter stating that "After arriving at the Academy, it was clear to see that the women had lower physical standards, which seemed absurd when we were preparing for combat. At an institution where the unofficial motto was, "if the minimum weren't good enough, it wouldn't be the minimum," suddenly there was a special exception for girls - a shorter wall on the obstacle course, longer time to run the mile, fewer chinups. It might sound petty, but back then these were the things that defined the difference between passing and being kicked out of the Academy. In 1976, we woke up one morning to find that the women's lower obstacle course wall had been painted hot pink, with a "Woman Power" fist superimposed. The culprits of that "recon raid" were never brought to justice" (DiMercurio). And while DiMecrurio concludes that he felt women should be allowed in, I believe his tales at the Academy show that women simply do not have the same physical make up that men do, and are thus less prepared for combat intensive situations like submarines. Would we let a sub-par man work our subs Of course we wouldn't, but we would let a women get in at lower standard levels

Research on Job Sites for Graduates

Research on Job Sites for Graduates DATE: March 28th 2017 TO: Wally Kowal FROM: Mohamed Abdi SUBJECT: WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED JOB SITE FOR RYERSON BUSINESS GRADUATES? In this report, I will be discussing about three major job sites that are available in Canada that can help find a job for Ryerson business graduates. In this report, I will also include an analysis on the major features, the comprehensiveness and ease of use of each job site. By the end I will give you my recommendation on which job site is best option for a Ryerson business graduate to visit in order to find employment. Findings The three major job sites that can help Ryerson business graduates in finding employment are Indeed, LinkedIn, and Glassdoor. For each job site, I will be discussing these topics about them: Major Features Ease of use Indeed According to Jarapa (2016), Indeed.com: is one of the worlds biggest and largest job sites on the internet, with over 150 million unique visitors on a monthly basis from over 50 different countries. This companys slogan, One search, all jobs, perfectly encapsulates their unique take on what a job search site should be. Indeed.com differentiates itself from other in the field by only listings job posted on their own site but also jobs posted on countless other sources as well. Major Features Indeed, contains several features that assist this job site in being recognized as being one of, if not the best job site in the world. One of major features that Indeed has is it salary calculator. Indeed.com salary calculator allows to view the average salary for any particular job position you are looking for (Jarapa, 2016). Another feature that Indeed has is it intuitive keyword tool (Jarapa, 2016). Indeed, has the best keyword search tools for job searching because it can effectively customize how the search is carried out, which is far more intuitive than just ticking off a number of criteria boxes (Jarapa, 2016). Another feature is the search engine on Indeed. Indeed searches for jobs that are listed on job boards, newspaper sites and also niche sites (Boswell, 2017). Through these searches which Indeed conduct it is then posted on to their website. Indeeds search engine collects numerous jobs that are listed and they are all from different industries. Here is a table I created based off of Indeeds latest employment trends from February 2017: (Indeed, 2017) Based off this table, the industries of accounting, information technology, financial services and banking, real estate, human resources, retail, and hospitality accumulate a total of 128,704 number of job postings. With this total of job postings Ryerson business graduates have a variety of jobs to choose to from. Another feature is Where are the jobs feature. This feature is very special because it can take you to a map of Canada that shows you the many job postings in Canada(Boswell, 2017). Indeeds interactive map allows users to zoom into there area of choice to get a closer look of where there of employment could possibly be as well as whether that environment is best use for them. Ease of Use Although Indeed.com has a large database of job postings from numerous sources, obtaining the information that you need is easy (Jarapa, 2016). To start off, indeeds homepage is similar to Googles or Bings homepage where users simply search for the position that they are looking for. The layout of the homepage brings ease to users eyes as well as comprehending this job site doesnt take too much time or effort to learn. Thanks to Indeeds simplistic display users, and specifically Ryerson business graduates can find any job they are looking for with ease. LinkedIn According to Duffy (2015), LinkedIn is the most important cross-industry professional network around. LinkedIn is recognized as the number one social network for developing a professional network for your career (Duffy, 2015). Thanks to that anyone that is 20 years old and plus with career goals in mind should have a LinkedIn account, and if not they should make one. Major Features LinkedIn allows users to create free accounts to build a professional profile. LinkedIn is a social networking site like Facebook and Twitter. However, LinkedIn works to help its user build a professional network. Creating a professional profile, can help Ryerson business graduates gain the attention of employers because employers will be able to see their profiles and visit them. Users can connect with colleagues (Duffy, 2015). By connecting with colleagues through LinkedIn, business graduates can expand their network, and hope to get a job. Connecting with colleagues is an innovative way to connect with the industries, the bosses of your colleagues, and with colleagues associates. By expanding your network from connecting to yours colleagues your chances of finding employment increase further. LinkedIn also has networking feature. Just as Reviews (2016) stated, networking is LinkedIns core competency, and their superb execution on that feature trumps shortcomings in other traditional features you might find in other job sites. Thanks to its excellent networking feature users can develop a strong network to HR representatives (Reviews, 2016). By searching for any HR manager from different companies, users can reach out to them and build and good relationship which could benefit that user to find employment. Ease of use As I stated before, LinkedIn is a social networking site like Facebook or Twitter. Well this relates to how Ryerson business graduates will find ease when using LinkedIn to find jobs. Ryerson business graduates will find ease and will be able to comprehend LinkedIn fast because it works similarly like social network applications. This generation of business graduates are probably users of other social network application, such as Twitter, Instagram, or Facebook. Although each of these applications are used for different purpose, they are share a common goal for their consumers. That is that they are there to help users interact and socialize with people and LinkedIn is the exact same. LinkedIn is there to help users build a profile where they can interact with other and build a strong network of colleagues. Glassdoor Glassdoor is the final job search sites that I will be discussing in this report. Glassdoor is a distinctly different kind of job site because it has an innovative inside look at companies hiring practices and culture which sets them apart from both LinkedIn and Indeed (Review, 2016). For job seekers, Glassdoor is a useful tool when you want to narrow down the job you are looking for. Nevertheless, it is still a very useful job site for anyone looking for employment. Major Features Glassdoor has an inside scope on job positions and the company, (Reviews, 2016). Employees and former employees of numerous companies give anonymous ratings and reviews about the companies they have worked or are working for. These reviews are divided into categories which based on companies culture and values, work-life balance, compensation and benefits, senior management and career opportunities (Reviews, 2016). Glassdoor also has an interview questions section. These interview questions were collected from numerous companies, and are an aid for potential new hires to help them nail the interview. The interview questions section is a goldmine of information for job seekers (Doyle, 2016). They also include sample answers to questions to assist interviewees to gain confidence and a bit of understanding of what the employer is looking for. Glassdoor has a top-notch salary and compensation information. Glassdoors salary information ensures that not only employers know much the job pays. Thanks to employees posting salary information about different positions in various companies this tool is very beneficial to younger workers. Ryerson business graduates want to get paid a good amount for their hard work when studying and also, they can possibly negotiate salary cap when the interview time comes too. Ease of Use Using Glassdoors website is pretty simple to comprehend. A majority of Ryerson business graduates have visited job search sites before so using Glassdoor will be easy. From the homepage, you are greeted by a search bar, which lets you search for jobs, companies, reviews, salaries, and interview questions (Jarapa, 2016). When the search results come, you refine the results by using the filter on the site to find the current jobs available and review of them (Jarapa, 2016). Conclusion/Recommendations Therefore, I believe that the best chose for Ryerson business graduates to use to find a job is Indeed. Indeed, is most appropriate and effective option to find employment is because Indeed offers a large landscape of job opportunities for people, specifically university graduates. University students, regardless of them being graduates do not know what they want be completely. Indeed, offers a variety of business jobs for Ryerson business graduates to choose from. I recommend Indeed.com as the best site for Ryerson business graduates. References Boswell, W. (2017, March 6). Find a Job with Indeed. Lifewire. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://www.lifewire.com/use-indeed-to-search-jobs-3482016 Doyle, A. (2016, October 19.). Glassdoor.com Salaries, Reviews and Jobs. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/glassdoor-com-salaries-reviews-and-jobs-2060040 Duffy, J. (2015, December 16.) LinkedIn. PC Magazine. Retrieved March 24, 2017 from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2120736,00.asp Glassdoor Reviews. (2015, November 16.) Reviews.com. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from www.reviews.com/job-sites/glassdoor/ Indeed. (2017, February). CA Industry Employment Trends. Indeed. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://ca.indeed.com/jobtrends/industry Indeed.com Reviews. (2016, December 6.) Reviews.com Retrieved March 26, 2017, from http://www.reviews.com/job-sites/indeedcom/ Indeed. (2017, February). CA Industry Employment Trends. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://ca.indeed.com/jobtrends/industry Jarapa, J. (2016, August 8). Glassdoor Review 2016 | Pros, Cons More. Comparakeet.com. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://www.comparakeet.com/best-job-search-sites/glassdoor-review/ Jarapa, J. (2016, August 10.) Indeed.com Review 2016 | Pros, Cons More. Comparakeet.com Retrieved March 25, 2017, from http://www.comparakeet.com/best-job-search-sites/indeed-com-review/ LinkedIn Reviews. (2015, November 15.) Reviews.com Retrieved March 26, 2017, from http://www.reviews.com/job-sites/linkedin/

Ethnic differences essay Essay

?Asses the claim that â€Å"ethnic differences in educational achievement are primarily the result of school factors† Most studies found that overall ethnic minorities tend to do less well than other members of the population when it comes to educational achievement. Many factors which occur inside the school are the cause of educational achievement however other factors contribute. The expectations of teachers on ethnic minorities have caused differences in educational achievement. Bernard Coard believes that teachers expect â€Å"Black† children to fail therefore labelling the child as a failure. Interactionalists are concerned with how teachers â€Å"pigeonhole† students this is the labelling theory, this is where the teacher makes a judgement of the child based on the child’s appearance, behaviour, previous family members and relationships with other students. However most labels are based on stereotypes rather than evidence, the reality is that once a label starts it is difficult to get rid of and this can cause problems for a student’s educational achievement. Teachers will discuss the students label in the staff room and other teachers will attach the same label to the child and this can lead to the child not being allowed to attend school trips. If a student is labelled as a failure by a teacher then the teacher is likely to put the student into a lower tier exam thus the pupil can only achieve a maximum of a grade C and can’t achieve to the best of their ability. When a student is labelled as a failure the student can begin to believe that the label is true and begin to make it part of their part of their identity, become a failure this is known as the self-fulfilling prophecy thus creating ethnic differences in educational achievement within the school system. David Hardgreves argues that anti school sub cultures can be formed as a result of negative labelling. However Maureen Stone and Swann both indicate that those who are labelled may not accept their labels. However many sociologists argue that it is external factors that affect ethnic differences in educational achievement. Cultural Deprivation is the term used to describe serious inadequacies in the socialisation process and its effects on educational achievement. Poor parenting means children underachieving in education. Many sociologists argue that ethnic minorities tend to be more fatalistic meaning that parents tend to have low aspirations and expectations for their child meaning less emphasis is placed on doing well in education. Whereas â€Å"White† middle classes would have high aspirations and high expectations. Socialisation focuses on the values, expectations and norms transmitted from parents to children. Children from Ethnic backgrounds tend to focus on immediate gratification where they try to reep their rewards at the earliest opportunity such as leaving school at 16 to earn money. Whereas â€Å"White† middle class children aim for a bright future described as deferred gratification which is putting off short term rewards to gain better rewards in the future. Cultural Deprivation can affect the way parents prepare their children for school. Working class children would sit and watch T. V. whereas middle class parents would take their children to museums. Driver and Ballard state that high achievement in Asian groups may be linked to the fact that they live in close knit families that can help each other. Price highlighted a high rate of single parent families in black Caribbean communities which may explain high underachievement. Nevertheless, some sociologists argue that it is internal factors which affect ethnic differences in educational achievement. Institutional Racism within schools can lead to educational achievement and the differences it causes within ethnic minorities. The â€Å"Swann report† found that a small number of teachers are consciously racist however there are a great deal of teachers who are â€Å"unintentionally† racist. Bernard Coard states that the British educational system makes children become educationally subnormal he states that â€Å"West Indian children are told that their language is second rate and unacceptable† he states that within the British educational system the word â€Å"White† is associated with â€Å"good† and the word â€Å"Black† with evil. Coard also states that the attitudes portrayed in the classroom are reinforced by the pupils outside of the classroom. Many sociologists would also argue that the mispronunciation of student’s names and not learning them can be classed as racism within the school system. Cecile Wright found that majority of staff are committed to ideals of equality but despite these ideals there are still considerable amounts of discrimination in the classroom. Asian children were often excluded from discussions and teachers expressed an â€Å"open disapproval of their customs and traditions†, these comments from teachers made Asian children feel more isolated from other pupils. Martin Hammersley found that racist comments in the staffroom did not lead to racism in the classroom. J. Taylor found that â€Å"most teachers are concerned to have a fair policy towards the treatment of black pupils†. Mac an Ghaill studied 25 afro Caribbean and Asian students studying A levels. He found that â€Å"although they disagreed over the extent of racism within education, this did not directly determine their attitude to education and their levels of academic success. The way that students responded to schooling varied and this was influenced by their ethnic group†. This could eventually lead to the formation of anti-school sub cultures. These are pupils who have rejected some or all of the values and rules set down in the school ethos. Peter Woods identified 8 different groups ranging from Ingratiation total conformity to Rebellion outright rejection of school rules and values. This can cause ethnic differences in educational achievement within the school system. However other factors such as linguistic skills affect this achievement. Linguistic Deprivation is the ability to use appropriate language which is an important factor in educational success. Bernstein came up with two codes of language Restricted and Elaborate codes. The Restricted code is used in casual situations. This is limited vocabulary and Simplistic grammar which can only be understood if you are aware of this topic. The Elaborate code is used in formal situations. This is sophisticated grammar and vocabulary and can be understood if aware of the topic. Bernstein found that White middle class children had the ability to switch between the two codes whereas children from ethnic minorities were limited to using the restricted code. This means they are severely disadvantaged in education where the language is all formal. In conclusion, it is probable that a number of factors work together in producing the lower levels of achievement found in some ethnic groups. The Swann report concluded that racial discrimination inside and outside school along with social deprivation were probably the main factors. Others would add that cultural factors also play some part in explaining the differences.

Billing System Essay

1.1 Introduction As the world progresses on in this never ending chase for a time and wealth, it is undeniable that science has made astounding developments. Technology and computers are everywhere. Today, they are becoming the foundation of any development of society. The computer system is not a simple machine. It is like a very modern and highly complex calculator. It can do all the functions at a speedy rate and also helps us to search and progress in our homes and businesses. This is apparently complicated, but the vibrant outcome will make our work effective and efficient. Computer technology is very important especially in the business field. It can help to make work easier. Computer is a powerful tool, allowing you easily extract data in order to prepare reports and analyze the information. Computers can help a business stay in contact with its customers as well. Computers can help managers keep track of the financial status of the company on a yearly, monthly or even day-to-day basis. Companies can use their computers to print checks for payroll and expenditures, and can form a direct link to the company’s bank account. Computers through internet connection made business transactions easier and more convenient. As compared to hard copied data which is more prone to damage data saved in the computer is more secured. Thus, computer plays a big role and importance in the business field. Already computers have become such an important part of our lives—in airports, banks, railway stations and every well-equi ­pped modern office. As computer continues to proliferate in ever increasing numbers across large segments of Government, business and industry, the common man is beginning to believe hesitantly that computers can actually deliver a good part of the promise that they had offered. Society is  gradually accepting the fact that computers will indeed change the manner in which the things are done. For a water billing, which is complex, repetitive and has voluminous data computerization is recommended. Computerization overcomes many of the defects in the manual system, is fast and gives a control on the system. In our study entitled â€Å"Computerized Billing System for Pansol Rural Waterworks†, the researchers will give an extent or the effectiveness on keeping the consumers’ consumption information, and the establishment’s collection in more advance and effective ways. The proponent think that with strong desire and hope that advance development of this study would be more significantly help on the way to a good and efficient billing system which should lead to at least minimizing if not eradicating the negative and undesirable aspects of this proposed system. 1.1.2 Background of the Study On May 23,1981, the residents of Barangay Pansol voluntarily associated themselves to form an association whose primary purpose is to provide its members with adequate supply of potable water for domestic use at reasonable cost. A year later, Pansol BWP- RWSA Inc. was constructed jointly by the USAID/BWP – MILG and the provincial government of Batangas under the administration of Governor Jose C. Laurel. A contract was made and entered into by and between the provincial government of Batangas and the Association. It was represented by then President Mr. Juan E. Manalo, the duly authorized representative. The province lent to the Association 44.67% of the total project cost amounting to P 141,602. 30 to finance the construction of the Level II water system or communal faucet in Barangay Pansol. The loan is  payable within 20 years with interest rate 4% per annum. As the population grew, the necessity for household connections increased and it gave rise to the Level III project or the individual household connection. The Association consists of 948 active members as of January 25, 2015. Thru the dedication of its Board of Directors, they put up a separate fund to provide scholarship grants to poor but deserving students, of which the fund came from 100% of their per diem. But many have applied for the grants and the  Directors asked for the Waterworks Association’s counterpart for the continuance of its project. Now on its 12th year, the scholarship is still on- going. The other project was the summer Art Workshop which had 33 graduates and concluded in May 22, 2009. The Association also did its part in the constructionof the multi- purpose building which house the Barangay Waterworks Office, the Barangay Health Center and the Barangay Hall. Pansol Rural Waterworks has newly opened its Refilling Station to ensure the availability of clean and safe water at lower costs. As of today, there are 11 employees at Pansol Rural Waterworks who are truly dedicated in serving Pansolians, headed by a Board of Directors whom are all residents of Pansol, Padre Garcia, Batangas. 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1. 2. 1 General Problem This study seeks to find out the solutions to the problems encountered by Pansol Rural Waterworks and their consumers. It deals with the problem with their manual billing system which results to slow processing of transactions. 1. 2. 2 Specific Problems Slow processing of transactions on billing Inefficiency of calculations and recorded transactions Time wasting is the result of slow billing process 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1. 2. 1 General Objectives This study aims to develop an organized and an effective billing system in terms of working capabilities. It will help to build an efficient system to minimize the processing period of transactions between the administration and the consumers. 1. 2. 2 Specific Objectives To avoid the slow processing of transactions due to manual transaction system. To provide an efficient and effective calculations and transactions between consumers and administration. To lessen the time and effort in processing billing transactions. 1.4 Significance of the Study The researchers are proposing the â€Å"Computerized Billing System for Pansol Rural Waterworks†. This will assure the institution’s development initiatives and faster billing transaction processing among administration and their consumers. If the proposed system will be implemented, this will be the conversion of the current manual system to a computerized one. The study would be beneficial to both administration and consumer. In view of the fact that this institution is currently encountering problems in their manual billing system, the proposed computerized system would be needed to eliminate or at least lessen such problem. The transaction can be done faster, easier and accurate which will result to less time and most burden of work load will be reduced. In addition to this, the proponents will also benefit from the study, because they will be able to meet the requirements and will also learn from their research. For future researchers, this study will serve as a reference material related to their own studies. 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study The focus of the study deals mainly on the billing system of the institution. These include all necessary statement specifying the payment transactions including the receipt which will serve as the generated report of the billing transaction. This study clearly implies that the other aspects of the institution’s operation such as payroll and other unrelated system are not included in our study. The research is absolutely focused on the billing transactions of the company and it has nothing to do with any other unrelated transactions. 1.6 Methodology A series of interview was administered to obtain the needed and accurate information for this study. The researchers have had a board interview regarding the system’s requirement and the information to be encoded in the system. Internet is a great help in the fulfilment and completion of the documents for this study. Through internet browsing, the researchers found out several related  literatures and studies including foreign and local researches which was compared to the proposed system which is the â€Å"Computerized Billing System for Pansol Rural Waterworks.† Another means of research is library research in which the proponents found additional literatures and related studies. 1 .7 Conceptual Framework The design will seek and provide solution for the problems that are being encountered by the institution and it’s consumer. Through the use of this design, the billing system with all the necessary data would be successfully done and recorded during the billing process. This shows the fundamental basis of the proposed system. The inputs which are Meter Number, Last Name, First Name, Middle Name, Address, Contact Number, Month, Due Date, Present Reading, Previous Reading, Consumption, Bill Amount and Penalty were presented here. Fig. 1: Conceptual Framework The figure shows the fundamental basis of the proposed system. The inputs which are Meter Number, Last Name, First Name, Middle Name, Address, Contact Number, Month, Due Date, Present Reading, Previous Reading, Consumption,  Bill Amount and Penalty were presented here. This also shows that the process is the Computerized Billing System for Pansol Rural Waterworks, and the generated output of the process is the receipt. 1.8 Definition of Terms System- is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integratedwhole Billing system- is a combination of software and hardware that receives call detail and service usage information, groups this information for specific accounts or customers, produces invoices, creates reports for management, and records (posts) payments made to customer accounts. Computerization- involves the process of taking activities or tasks not previously done on the computer and shifting them to being done on the computer. Hardware – is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, and so on, all of which are physical objects that can be touched (that is, they are tangible) Software- is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer’s processor to perform specific operations. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Technical feasibility- is one of the first studies that must be conducted after the project has been identified. Economic feasibility- is the cost and logistical outlook for a business project or endeavor. Operational feasibility- is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in requirements analysis phase of system development. Visual Basic 6.0- is a high level programming language which evolved from the earlier DOS version called BASIC. Windows- is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry Microsoft Access- is a database management system from Microsoft that combines therelational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. Database- is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter tends to discuss the related literature and study. This will show the distinction between the related studies of the other research to the proposed system. These write- ups were of great help to the proponent’ s  task of accomplishing their objective. 2.1 Related Literature As the researchers conducted their research, they gathered all this related literature. According to James A. Seen, author of the book entitled â€Å"Analysis Design of Information System† states that system development can generally thought of using as having two major components, system analysis and generally system design is the process of planning a new business system to replace or component the old. But before this can be done, we must thoroughly understand the old or present system and determine how computer can be used to make the operation effective. Just as the same with how the proponents started the system analysis for this study. The analysis started from analysing the existing or the old system of the company. From the author of the book entitled â€Å"Modern System’s Analysis and Design† that was written by Jeffrey A. Hatfer, Joey F. George and Joseph A. Valacich, the goal of 6000 design is to provide a system that is easy to read, easy to code, and easy to maintain. They define information system analysis and design of information system is based on the understanding of the organization , objective, structure and process. Information system can be developed through various methodologies and comprehensive multiple step approaches to develop a system. Techniques are particular processes that follow to ensure the study is well – through- out complete and comprehensive. The goal of information system for the organization is to respond and anticipate problems and opportunities through innovates uses of information. Like this proposed study, the proponents goal is to design a system that will help the company improve and innovate. According from an internet article by Pradeep Gokhale entitlted â€Å"Computerised Water Billing System†, Amaravati water supply scheme is the  only urban water supply scheme in Maharashtra which has been getting the facility of computerized water billing system continuously since 1991. The operating of the system has been outsourced. The software development has not been in a year or two, but it has been in process years together and proudly contributed by generously from meter readers, counter clerks, fitters, plumbers, clerical staff in the office, and auditors and accountants, to the higher officers, engineers at all levels, and most of consumers of the scheme. It has become most intelligent software in the country and now it is not only utility software but it is management software. It is in use in number of cities in Vidarbha and has to share the experience of managing more than 800, 000 consumers in the Delhi, the Capital city of the Country, since 1995. Following script has been included in the Maintenance Manual for urban areas. Water Billing and Revenue Management System is the most important aspect of any Water Supply Scheme as it governs the financial aspect, which is the most important factor. Irrespective of the basis of the Billing Metered/Unmetered, the Computerized Billing System needs three major databases: First is the master data, this is the data, which needs to be entered only one time when the Consumer/Connection is added into the database. This data is relatively static in nature and does not change time to time. Various data required   to be store dare: Consumer Number, Name of Consumer, Address, Type of Use, Type of Consumer, Tap Size, Date of Connection, Details of Feeder Line, Locality, House No., Ward No., No. of taps, No. of Families, Meter Make, Meter Number, First Reading, Ownership of Meter, Deposit Amount etc. Second is the data for each billing period, this data will be entered for every consumer for every round and will be used for calculating the demand of that billing round. Various data items required to be stored are ; Consumer Number, Date of Meter Reading/Period for which Billed, Status of the Connection and any changes in Master Data etc. And the third is the receipt data, this data will be the data related to the payments made by the consumers against the bill issued. This data will be entered on daily basis irrespective of the billing frequency. Various data required to be stored  are; Consumer Number, Date of Receipt, Receipt Number, Details of the collection Centre, Cash/Cheque (If Cheque- Cheque No., Bank, Branch) Part Payment/Adhoc Payment/Deposit, Account Head for posting etc. The article points out a step- by- step procedure of the system implementation. Like the proposed study, upon impklementation, there will be procedures to ensure the systems data efficiency. According to an anonymous author of an internet article entitled  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Principle of Water Rates, Fees and Charges†, if the utility billing system is computerized, the time required for the preparation of the bill tabulation may be relatively short, perhaps only one or two weeks. The computer staff may however be required to develop specific programs to extract and summarize data in the form required, and delays are often encountered because computer time is not readily available when needed. By the beginning the bill tabulation early in the cost of service study, the results should be available to avoid delay both in the design of rates and in the evaluation of the adequacy of proposed rates to recover allocated costs of service from customer classes. A bill tabulation shows the number of customer bills rendered at various levels of water usage during a specific period of time for each customer class served by the utility. The tabulation of bills for a historical period provides the basis for identifying typical customer- class usage patterns and aides in the development of rates recognizing such usage patterns. Rate schedules that are intended to be applicable throughout an entire year generally require a bill tabulation for a historical record. Slow processing is one of the problems that occur in the existing manual system, and like what was mentioned in the article, it is the researcher’s target to increase the speed of process and to lessen the delays of transactions. As said in an internet article entitled â€Å"Developing Effective Waterworks  and Collection Practices†, written by an anonymous author, improving billing and collection activities has an immediate impact on the revenue streams of a service provider that can, in turn, encourage commercial and operational efficiencies for aiding the expansion and delivery of improved, reliable, and sustainable services. This note draws on national and international cases to explore what it takes to implement an effective billing and collection system. Effective billing and collection systems are a critical component for ensuring the viability of a service provider. Improving these has an immediate impact on the revenue streams of a service provider that can, in turn, help in improving services. Effective billing and collection systems are a critical component for ensuring the viability of a service provider. Improving billing and collection activities has an immediate impact on the revenue streams of a service provider that can, in turn, help the service provider in improving services. However, while effective billing and collection practices depend on many internal factors (including customer databases, the extent of metered and unmetered service provision, tariff and billing structures, delivery of bills, and facilities for customer payments), the institutional arrangements under which service providers operate and provide services determine whether such practices will remain sustainable in the long term. Efficient billing and collection practices can set incentives for the provider to effectively charge, and collect water bills while also fulfilling a commercial  orientation to services the revenue streams of a service provider that can, in turn, help in improving services. This note draws on national and international cases to explore what it takes to implement an effective billing and collection system that encourages commercial and operational efficiencies for aiding the expansion and delivery of improved, reliable, and sustainable services. The note starts with an explanation of how poor billing and collection hurt the service provider, followed by the key principles of an effective billing and collection strategy, illustrated through national and international billing practices. The basic aim of the performance improvement series is to help water utilities and service  providers understand and adopt mechanisms that promote cost recovery and sustainable revenue strategies, as well as help achieve financially viable and sustainable improved services. The objective is to be able to focus not only on specific performance improvement areas by advancing technical, commercial, and operational efficiency—such as leak reduction, billing and collection, customer service, and tariff setting, among others—but also ensure that such improvements remain sustainable and viable in the long term through arrangements such as performance agreements, monitoring, and evaluation. The article focuses on the importance of effective billing and collection, the common pitfalls that their poor implementation have, and what some service providers have done to improve upon current billing and collection practices—through measures including robust recordkeeping and billing procedures, updating customer databases, outsourcing billing activities and using improved technology, and encouraging and incentivizing staff to undertake billing and collection functions more diligently. Like the study, the goal of desingning a computerized system is to generate an effective billing process in the company. According to http://www.cusi.com/water-billing-system.html, Just like with any business, having the right tools is critical to a company’s failure or success. One of the most critical tools for a successful utility company is having an efficient, yet effective water billing system. Having the right billing in system is place is important for a number of reasons. New water billing software helps utility companies to be more efficient in their overall billing processes, while helping them to boost productivity. New water billing technologies help utilities automate internal billing processes into a simple, effective, and easy to use system. If you’re looking to boost efficiency and productivity, while decreasing customer response times and increasing customer satisfaction, there is no one more trusted in the utility billing services industry than CUSI Utility Billing Solutions. CUSI provides complete personalized billing solutions for  companies with customer bases from 500 to over 500,000. Currently, CUSI has over 1000 companies using their billing solutions to manage their water, sewer, gas, electric, and waste  management operations. Also, CUSI currently offers CIS/Utility Billing solutions to help address challenges of utility companies both large and small. CUSI’s water billing system will offer a number of benefits to your utility company almost immediately. Just the same with the proposed study, the researchers aim to develop a system that will be beneficial to both management and consumer. According to an article entitled â€Å"Water Billing Software Runs the Business† from http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/ , for large commercial water customers with multiple units, like apartment complexes, the water billing software is capable of allocating a single meter reading into multiple bills according to square footage and occupancy. When your utility company outgrows the capability of your current water billing system, invest in the most advanced system to track every aspect of your utility business. Be prepared to update business processes to include the software inputs that will keep the office and field apprised of work activity and customer requests. Train the employees and monitor the ongoing effort to use the software effectively throughout the day. The initial investment in high-quality water billing software will improve your margins and reduce the monetary loss from unpaid accounts. Your customers and employees will be better informed, and the costs will be reco vered within an acceptable  period of time. The same with the proponents target in designing the system, the program will be effective and improve the company’s billing and collection. An article from http://www.waterefficiency.net/ entitled â€Å"The  Benefits of Automated Billing†, says that, by employing water billing software, utilities can reduce the size of their labor force, providing immediate savings. They won’t need as many utility employees to tackle billing issues if software is doing this job for them. And reducing the number of employees in the billing department doesn’t necessarily mean laying off talented workers. Utilities can train billing department staffers to take on other jobs, whether with the municipal utility or elsewhere in the utility. Water billing software also allows utility employees to focus their efforts on other tasks. They can spend more time in the utility’s customer service department answering resident questions. They can analyze the reports created by billing software to hunt for potentially costly leaks. And they can study these same reports to determine new ways to conserve water use and reduce the water utility’s overall costs of providing this water to its customers. Today’s water billing programs provide a host of reports and functions that stretch far beyond simply sending payment notices to consumers. Savvy water utility officials recognize this and use these reports to operate their utilities in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. The proponents study targets to lessen  the work load of employees and the fast processing of billing transactions in the company. According to an article with a title â€Å" Impact of Municipal Billing Systems on Revenue Collection†. The Manila Water Utility undertook a series of reforms between 2000 and 2003. The utility now employs 100 per cent metering on all service connections, which are read monthly. There has been an increase in new service connections, identification of illegal users, billing of unbilled services, and replacement of faulty meters. As a result, revenue has increased by 83 per cent while the average collection period has fallen from 86 days to 50 days . Like the research study, once implemented, the proponents look forward to effective billing and collection of payments in the company. Another article entitled â€Å"Baltimore Approved New Water Billing System† mentioned that, Baltimore officials approved on Wednesday a new water billing system that will bring the current 35-year-old system up to date. In the next couple of years, the city is updating more than 500,000 meters and launching a new billing system. The new system will be the brains behind the city’s new water meters and will allow customers to read bills online and get more information  about water usage. When UMAX launches, it will bill customers on actual usage, meaning no more minimum bills. â€Å"The new system known as UMAX will enable the city to move away from the existing minimum billing model toward a system that charges based on actual consumption,† Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake said. Just like the research, it is needed to improve the company’s performance in terms of billing transactions. 2.2 Related Studies 2.2.1 Local Studies In the study conducted by Benipayo (1994), entitled â€Å"Study on the RM/GS Billing System of the Manila Electronic Hotline Telephone Company†, stated that billing system is an essential component of the revenue generating function of the company. Thus, failure to generate bill on the proper time would effect the retaliation in the collection of revenues. The billing update is actually the revision of the entry of the new accounts in the customer file. Failure to update customer state in the billing records shall in a â€Å"no billing† of the consumption and will ultimately cause a non-generation bill. Like the study, the researcher aims to be a  good innovation in the company’s billing process. Effective billing system means good revenue. According to the Casimiro Development Corporation Water Billing System, in March 2001, Bartolome, Alonde, Yanuaria and Atendido made a study about the development of Casimiro’s Water Billing System. Based on their study, the problem was that Casimiro Development Corporation water billing system operates 13 projects and approximately 450 units per project that run in a manual-based environment. To develop more accurate files, they created a well-structured database that lessened and speed up the works in computations in voluminous files with accurate and error-free files. According to the Trece Martires Water District Billing and Collection System. In March 2002, Cruto, Legaspi and Rosero made a study on Trece Martires Water District Billing and Collection System. Based on their study, the problem is that the Trece Martires Water District Billing and Collection System apply the manual processing of its billing and collection clerks and other office personnel. The records of the customers were record in paper works that are less reliable to keep those files. When a customer asks for his/her records, it will add up the workloads of the employees. To accurately keep those records, they developed an automated Transaction Processing System that speed  up the customer’s daily transaction, utilized efficient and safe storage of customer’s records and a more reliable and accurate computation of customer’s water bills. Accurate files is to be provided when this proposed study is implemented. In the study of Bartolome (2000), entitled â€Å"A Computer Water Billing System for Teresa Water Supply†, stated that in making a water billing computerized, numerous benefits can be acquired. One of the benefits is that it speeds up the current computation of the bills wherein the operators will not waste their time in computing the bills of every concessionaire because the system computers it automatically. Like the study, there are also several benefits that can be acquired like the fast processing of billing transactions. A study entitled â€Å"LAN-Based Assessment and Billing System for Camiling† by Angelica Pagaduan said that, the manual method of assessing and issuance of receipt during enrollment period at Camiling Colleges is prone to errors, tedious and most often misplaces records or documents. The people concerned could not accommodate more students because of the slow assessment and computation of fees to be paid, thus, causing inconvenience to both teachers  who are assisting in the enrollment and the students during enrollment. The proposed system will be designed to improve the current Assessment and Billing System of Camiling Colleges. In the study of Purification (1995), entitled â€Å"Billing System of Plaza Hotel†, states that due to probably of manual computation error, computerizing the system will be able to step this probability even it is very rarely experienced in the manual billing system. Like the study of Purification, the study also aims to eliminate or at least lessen the computation error in the billing system. A study with a title â€Å"The Case study of Manila Water Company† states that to maintain a sustainable structure for a world-class standard for water and wastewater services for Metro Manila, there is a need to ensure a balance between the interests of the consumers and the operators. Experience in the Philippines, however, indicated otherwise. The balance of interests was not easy to come by with regulatory regimes suffering from weak regulatory capacity. In order to avoid the same tendencies to repeat in the new contracts, the concession agreement adopted a â€Å"regulation by contract†26 framework. This framework laid down in a clear and detailed manner within the contracts the activities that would be regulated by an independent agency. The same with the study, the proponents aims  to design a system that will be beneficial to both management and consumer. The study entitled †Remote Automatic Water Meter Reading System using Global System for Mobile Communications† by Rainer N. Dita, Paolo Pedro C. Martinez, Chrish Adrian S. Miranda focuses on implementing a GSM based system for the automatic water meter reading in the Philippines. This will determine if there is a significant difference between analog water meter and the proposed system in data collection. Weather conditions and security issues regarding the GSM module will not be taken into account. Also, the network problem due to its provider is not included on the study. This study aims to develop an automatic water meter reading system that will enhance the Analog water meter data collection by utilizing wireless technology using GSM module system for data transmission to increase the range of data transmission. 2.2.2 Foreign Studies A Foreign study entitled â€Å"Irish Water Charges Plan† says that, this document represents Irish Water’s scheme of charges which are reflective of a number of Government and CER directions (some of which are being finalised currently) which in totality comprise the water charges plan. The scheme of  charges in this document are designed to ensure that Irish Water only recovers the allowed revenue approved by the CER over the period 1st October 2014 until 31st December 2016. Irish Water has been guided by principles12 associated with equity and non-discrimination; efficiency in use of Water Services; cost reflectivity; cost recovery; stability and simplicity in developing our scheme of changes. Simplicity of the system, this is what the researchers aim. Our study needs to be simple in order to let the user understand the system easy. The aim of this paper with a title â€Å"Water Label to Improve  Water Billing in Spanish Households† is to propose a new way to improve the contents in water bills by adding a new water label that allows for checking the efficiency of water use. The water tag provides information to tenants about their efficiency of water consumption. In case of houses with a special meter to obtain the domestic hot water consumption, an extra water label can be shown with the evaluation of this kind of consumption. Furthermore, this information is compared to the average consumption value of citizens from the same province. To go further in citizens’ awareness about this subject, some recommendations should also be included, which will help to reduce water consumption. This research takes a new step forward in terms of billing, since it evaluates, compares and gives recommendations with the purpose of improving the actual water billing system,  thus increasing the awareness of citizens and decreasing water consumption in Spanish housing. Although bills are only a means of transmission, considering that it is a receipt of a service, they are subject to certain legal restrictions that, in the case of Spain, are established by Royal Decree 87/2005 [42]. This document indicates the minimum data that bills should contain, such as the invoice number, name and surname, and so on. In addition, there is a part that is considered appropriated to give better customer service. Like the study, it also aims to provide a system that will bring improvement and innovation in the sompany. A study entitled â€Å"Smart Water Systems† present a new approach to promote water security with uncertain but significant future risks from population growth, hydrological variability and extreme events, and intensifying water allocation demands across water supply, agriculture, industry and ecosystems. Strategic and transparent water resource decision making is central for water security to be achieved. This is in turn contingent upon the accurate, timely and reliable collection and communication of information relating to water abstractions and use, and the primary resource base. With mobile networks expanding globally across national territories, SWS offer a mechanism to capture and communicate data  on water resources through hydro-informatic systems on abstraction from surface water and groundwater, soil moisture content, storage  levels and network leaks or theft. By generating accurate and reliable data, SWS deployed at scale can drive a step change in water sector accountability and transparency, thereby improving governance, reducing risk and ultimately creating a new business case for water sector investment. Partnerships across mobile network operators, water service providers, regulators and investors will be needed to realize the full potential of SWS and catalyse further innovations. In a study in India, the Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board introduced a spot billing scheme for billing its water connections. This helped reduce the billing cycle from three weeks to one day, which in turn resulted in increased cash flow (Agarwal 2008). The Board initially outsourced the billing function to a private party that had relevant experience. Through handheld data logger machines, staff employed by the private party can generate bills on the spot and deliver them to customers. The scheme has been in operation for about 70 per cent of the Board’s service area. In the long run, the Board aimed to hand over the bill generation activity through spot billing to its own meter readers. The Board undertook some restructuring of its current staff, and redeployment and rationalisation of their work schedules. Like our study, the aim of this proposed system is to improve the company’s performance, to lessen the problems and to provide an effective billing sytem.

Different Presentations Of Love in William Shakespeares...

Different Presentations Of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet there are many different types of love. The main type is the true love between Romeo and Juliet. Another type of love is the materialistic love of possessions and power. Capulet and lady Capulets love for Juliet is the love the power they have over her. Capulet loves Juliet as to him she is possession that he can gain a profit from by marrying her off. At the same time, he wants to marry her off, because he loves her and thinks he is doing the best for her. Juliet does not want to be married off, she tells him this and he disowns her at this point, because he is angry with her. Hang thee young baggage,†¦show more content†¦The friar shows that he loves Romeo because he marries him and Juliet knowing how much trouble he will get into by doing so, but he also believes it will help bring the two families together. He helps Juliet, as he knows that it would be in Romeos best interest. The friar gives Juliet a poison to make her look like she is dead so th at she does not have to marry Paris and can still have Romeo. Romeo, Benvolio and Mercutio are all friends. They have fraternal love for each other. Mercutio is a fiery, concerned friend. His close relationship with Romeo leads to a fight with Tybalt where he comes to the defence of Romeo and ends up dying for his friends. Mercutio puts his life at risk for Romeo my very friend, hath got this mortal hurt in my behalf, my reputation stained with Tybalts slander. Benvolio is Romeos friend in a different way. He counsels Romeo and helps him with his love for Rosaline. Benvolio suggests that Romeo going to the masked ball, will help him get over Rosaline. We must have you dance, they say because they want Romeo to find someone else other than Rosaline. The Montagues have a different type of love with their children than the Capulets. 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