Gene vs. Allele What’s the Difference

A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a trait. A trait is a characteristic, or a feature, passed from one generation to another, like height or eye color. Genes  come in multiple forms, or versions. Each of these forms is called an allele. For example, the gene responsible for the hair color trait has many alleles: an allele for brown hair, an allele for blonde hair, an allele for red hair, and so on. Gene Allele Definition A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a specific form of a gene. Function Genes are responsible for the expression of traits. Alleles are responsible for the variations in which a given trait can be expressed. Pairing Genes do not occur in pairs. Alleles occur in pairs. Examples Eye color, hair color, hairline shape Blue eyes, blonde hair, V-shaped hairline Function Genes govern the traits of an organism. They do so by acting as instructions to make proteins. Proteins are the diverse molecules that play many critical roles in our bodies, such as producing hormones and creating antibodies.   Humans have two copies (or alleles) of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Alleles play a significant role in shaping each human’s individual features. Alleles are versions of the same gene with slight variations in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences among alleles of the same gene contribute to each person’s unique characteristics. Heredity Heredity is how traits are passed to offspring. Genes determine your traits, like how tall you are, what color your eyes are, and what color your hair is. But a single trait is usually determined by a number of genes, rather than just one. For example, height alone is determined by over 400 genes. Humans and other multicellular organisms have two alleles at the same site of a chromosome. Chromosomes are very long strands of DNA wrapped around special proteins called histones. Humans have 46 chromosomes; each parent passes on 23 of those chromosomes. Accordingly, the expression of any given trait would depend on two sources of information. These two sources are a paternal allele and a maternal allele.  Ã‚   Genotypes and Phenotypes A genotype is all the genes passed onto an individual by their parents. But not all of the genes you carry end up being translated into visible traits. The set of physical characteristics an individual has is called a phenotype. An individual’s phenotype is made up exclusively of expressed genes. For example, take an individual who has one allele for blonde hair and one allele for brown hair. Based on this information, we know that their genotype includes blonde hair and brown hair. If we observe that the individual has blonde hair – in other words, blonde hair is the expressed trait – then we know that their phenotype includes includes blonde hair, but not  brown hair. Dominant and Recessive Traits Genotypes can be either homozygous  or heterozygous. When the two inherited alleles for a given gene are identical, this specific gene is called homozygous. Alternatively, when the two genes are different, the gene is said to be heterozygous. Dominant traits require the presence of only one allele in order for the given trait be expressed. Recessive traits can only be  expressed if the genotype is homozygous. For example, a V-shaped hairline is a dominant trait, while a straight hairline is recessive.  In order to have a straight hairline, both  hairline alleles need to be straight hairlines. However, in order to have a V-shaped hairline, only one of the two hairline alleles need be V-shaped.

Pictures and Profiles of the First Dinosaurs

Interest and 90-day Bank Loan Free Essays

Accounts receivable changes with bad debts A firm is evaluating an accounts receivable change that would increase bad debts from 2% to 4% of sales. Sales are currently 50,000 units, the selling price is $20 per unit, and the variable cost per unit is $15. As a result of the proposed change, sales are forecast to increase to 60,000 units. We will write a custom essay sample on Interest and 90-day Bank Loan or any similar topic only for you Order Now a. What are bad debts in dollars currently and under the proposed change? b. Calculate the cost of the marginal bad debts to the firm. c. Ignoring the additional profit contribution from increased sales, if the proposed change saves $3,500 and causes no change in the average investment in accounts receivable, would you recommend it? Explain. d. Considering all changes in costs and benefits, would you recommend the proposed change? Explain. e. Compare and discuss your answers in parts c and d. P14-16 Zero-balance account Union Company is considering establishment of a zero balance account. The firm currently maintains an average balance of $420,000 in its disbursement account. As compensation to the bank for maintaining the zero balance account, the firm will have to pay a monthly fee of $1,000 and maintain a $300,000 non–interest-earning deposit in the bank. The firm currently has no other deposits in the bank. Evaluate the proposed zero-balance account, and make a recommendation to the firm, assuming that it has a 12% opportunity cost. P15–9 Cost of bank loan Data Back-Up Systems has obtained a $10,000, 90-day bank loan at an annual interest rate of 15%, payable at maturity. (Note: Assume a 365-day year.) a. How much interest (in dollars) will the firm pay on the 90-day loan? b. Find the effective 90-day rate on the loan. c. Annualize your result in part b to find the effective annual rate for this loan, assuming that it is rolled over every 90 days throughout the year under the same terms and circumstances. How to cite Interest and 90-day Bank Loan, Papers

Hamlet Appearence Vs Reality Essay Example For Students

Hamlet Appearence Vs Reality Essay Hamlet Appearence vs Reality Appearence vs RealityPossibly the best piece of writing ever done by William Shakespeare, Hamlet, is a classic example of a tragedy.In all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, Brutus falls on his sword, and like them Hamlet dies by getting cut with a poison tipped sword. The theme that remains constant throughout the play is appearance versus reality. Things within the play appear to be true and honest but in reality are polluted with evil. Many of the characters within the play hide behind a mask of dishonesty. Four of the main characters that hid behind this mask are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the king Claudius. From behind this mask they give the impression of a person who is sincere and true, in reality they are overwhelmed with lies and evil. Hamlet is spied on many times in the play. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two of Hamlets childhood friends who when asked by the king, try to find out what is troubling the young prince. Both help to add to the theme by showing their appearance of being Hamlets friends. The pair goes to Hamlet pretending to be his friends when in truth they are only there because the king asked them to find the truth. Hamlet quickly reveals the truth and says, Were you not sent for/ And there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft in color. (Shakespeare 2:2:278)From these words he is demanding an answer from his schoolmates as to their unexplained arrival. At the end he tells them nothing. As the play continues his friends are asked again by the king to go to Hamlet and try again to find the real reason for Hamlets behavior. Hamlet insults them at every chance knowing that they are lying to him about their purpose of the visit, Tis as easy as lying: govern these ventages with you finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth (Shakespeare 3:2:348)The twins show their appearance of being Hamlets friends but in truth they have a hidden reason for visiting with Hamlet. Both show that it will be very difficult for Hamlet to uncover the reliability hidden within the lies. Polonius the kings royal associate plays an important role in developing appearance.He always wants to keep up the look of loving and caring person.Polonius appears like a man who loves and cares about his son, Laertes. He speaks to him with advice that sounds sincere but in reality it is not.It is hollow and without feeling. Polonius gives his advice only to appear to be the loving and caring father.The reality is he only speaks to appear sincere as a politician, to look good rather then actually be good, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry (Shakespeare 1:3:77) Also Polonius adds to the theme appearance verses reality by ordering Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet. He lies to her by telling her that Hamlet does not love her, he only wants to have fun with her.However in truth Hamlet does love Ophelia. Through the play Polonius pretends to be honest and loving parent.In reality he lies, manipulates people and spies on peoples conversation. Claudius is the current King of Denmark. Du ring this play he makes a lot of impressions that differ from the truth. Claudius becomes King of Denmark after killing his brother and marrying his brothers widow, Gertrude. For example, he wants to show council that he is an honest and honorable man. He speaks well of the King Hamlet by showing a general love for him and all his subjects. In reality he cares little for the old king, he just gives appearance of loving brother.It is getting harder and harder to uncover the truth about Claudius.Next thing Claudius does is announcing that Hamlet is next to get a crown. This shows that Claudius would let Hamlet become the next king when he is gone. It reveals a love and care for Hamlet to the council and Gertrude. Also it makes Claudius appear to be kind and loving person, You are the most immediate to our throne; And with no less nobility of love. (Shakespeare 1:2:109) Last appearance that makes difficult to uncover the truth is Claudius careness.He wants Hamlet to remain in Denmark. Hamlet mocks king, but he still asks to stay.Claudius wants to show that he deserves to be a king. .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .postImageUrl , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:hover , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:visited , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:active { border:0!important; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:active , .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue38edf704010714db6dfa6fd1cab99bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Expectations fulfilled (cheating) EssayThroughout the play, characters help to show the theme, which is appearance verses reality. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the king all appear to be good and honest. As Hamlet finds out, all contain lies and have hidden intentions within them. As each character is presented in the play all appear to be good and honest making it a hard for Hamlet to uncover the hidden truth about the nature of each character.